YouTube is a phenomenon that has taken over the internet over the past few years. Everyone and anyone (with access to a computer) can use YouTube as a place to share their videos, and therefore share with the world their ideas, talent, humor, music, or political views. From the beginning of the 2008 presidential race YouTube announced a new section featuring campaign channels called, “You Choose ‘08” (http://www.youtube.com/youchoose). Each of the candidates had their own channel where their party & supporters are able to communicate to potential voters. They also have a You Choose Playlist, where the best or most popular political videos of the week are featured. The voters can then give their feedback and converse online with others. This gives people the opportunity to select which issues are most important to them and directly go to these types of sites to view videos of the candidates and what they have to say. In the article “YouTube’s Role in Election 2008”(http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2007/03/01/presidential-candidates-turn-to-youtube)YouTube’s co-founder and CEO, Chad Hurley said, ‘YouTube is about democracy and self-expression and we’re proud to be providing politicians with an environment where they can share information with voters.’ Everyone with Internet access can participate in these online discussions, but does this help the election overall? Is this only helpful for the younger voters since 70% of 18 to 25 year olds find the internet useful, whereas only 48% of those over 25 find it useful in the political process (Kaid 409)?
As mentioned in the Political Handbook, Bennett and Etman described the “ideal public sphere” is a place where “all citizens have equal access to communication that is both independent of government constraint, and through its deliberative consensus-building capacity, constraints the agendas and decisions of the government in return” (515). Is YouTube’s “You Choose ‘08” an ideal public sphere, independent of government constraint? Some others argue that this type of citizen participation is not the ideal form of a democracy and complicates the election process because it makes people more cynical and confuses them. Is the internet the ideal place for people to communicate about political issues? Or do you think that it is only targeting the younger generation (especially YouTube)?
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Since the advent of the internet, the course of politics has changed. The internet, and youtube in particular, can be viewed as the largest (and most public) soapbox- there are no requirements as to who can use this tool to voice their political opinions. Youtube is a positive addition to the political world. It allows people who lack a public outlet (pretty much everyone) to express their views. In chapter 6 of Seducing America, Roderick P. Hart discusses the hierarchal atmosphere of the mass media. “For a variety of reasons, the mass media allows some people to speak more frequently than others. Although virtually all cultures produce rhetorically prominent people in American society those at the top are quickly institutionalized by being included in the nation’s most hallowed rituals, by being listened to respectfully on matters about which they are expert (and a good many about which they are not), and by being given special access to the mass media for personal use (128). It is important to note this quotation because I believe Bennett and Etman would look at this sort of atmosphere with distain. Television is certainly a place where only a few can be heard. But why should I be muted simply because the media has not deemed me “influential”? Youtube has given the populous a voice and therefore, has changed everything that involves public opinion (i.e. the election). The internet (youtube included) is an ideal public sphere because anyone can create a blog, make a youtube video or even respond to someone’s posting if you disagree with them. It was a student blogger that helped Palin become McCain’s running mate (some even credit him for being the reason why Palin was chosen.) This is an incredible story, and a perfect example of how powerful this medium can be. Without the internet, this voice would never have been heard: http://www.kktv.com/home/headlines/27794344.html.
Youtube has also helped give this story attention: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ly36R4fb-c&feature=related\
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSbOfH4jSyI&feature=related
Although some might say youtube only confuses its viewers, I believe it acts as a positive addition to what television airs. Also, in regards to youtube’s target audience- I believe this website does not actively “target” the younger generation. Its users are younger because it is a new form of communication. But young people desperately need to be stimulated to vote so the more 18-25 year olds that view a political ad on youtube or use youchose08, the better.
It is true that Youtube has been a very large part of this election, with not only running advertisements that may not be seen on television, but also by holding advertisements that may not be seen in all parts of the country.
Our country is becoming completely dependent on the internet, and with the use of Youtube, it is becoming easier for people to find certain clips from speeches, conventions, and any other form of political outlet.
As Irene stated, the Hart book, Seducing America, touches nicely on the use of mass media in political campaigns and the people who seek out things such as the internet for their political information. Chapter 6 states "Thus, the Rhetorical Establishment is an ideal working environment for social dreamers, persons whose creativity exhausts the most tireless political foe and whose symbolic resources are able to expose the most heinous injustices (131).
With the idea that the Rhetorical Establishment is a place for social dreamers, the internet and sites like Youtube are exactly what they are looking for. They are able to use the information which is presented to them, take it as they will and mold and shape it into their own. The internet is a place that allows for anything to happen, there are almost no bounds on what can be placed on the internet and there are absolutely no bounds on what can be taken away from what is found there.
YouTube’s “You Choose ‘08” is not an ideal public sphere, independent of government constraint because it does not provide a place where “all citizens have equal access to communication...” (Kaid et al. 515). Many people around the world and even in America don't have computers or even access to the internet, let alone Youtube. Beyond that, people don't receive equal internet service/speed (net neutrality issues). The all and equal measures of Bennett and Etman "ideal sphere" just aren't satisfied by Youtube.
YouTube’s “You Choose ‘08” is not independent of government constraint because the government can shut it down on a whim and leave the public with no remedy. This happens outside of the US all of the time and can easily happen here if the conditions are just right (wartime).
All said, the internet is the ideal place for people to communicate about political issues because it bridges continents, is instant, and can be found in the language of the user. No other medium has the flexibility and reach of the internet. If the day comes when a government cannot limit the reach of the internet and everyone has access then it will surely be the best place for political communication.
I really do not see how You Tube complicates with the election process. Those who argue that this type of citizen participation is not the ideal form of democracy because it makes people more cynical and confuses them are not correct. I mean I use You Tube nearly every day and I know what I am getting myself into. Youtube has a lot of information out there - some truth and some lies, but doesnt everyone already know that, its sort of like reading someone's blog. And I would like to think there is always something to learn listening or viewing another persons stand point. Also, I really like the conveniency of you You Tube and the Internet. With all the talk of this election I feel it is extremely easy to miss something worth seeing and You Tube definitely makes that possible. All I have to do is type it in.
While I can see why people feel You Tube only targets young audiences I disagree. I would say it targets both young and middle aged audiences. I do not foresee my Grandma going online to YouTube to check on the presidential race but I know my Mom definitely makes great use of it.
The Internet is the ideal place for people to communicate about political issues at any age. As long as you have access to the internet, any person at any age can be informed at any time about the 2008 Campaign. Kaid divides Internet observers into two categories, "The Internet appears to have polarized political observers into camps of optimists and skeptics" (507). Optimists, such as myself, are hopeful that the Internet will lead to a more informed and stimulated political audience- and I believe it already has. People would not be aware of nearly as much as they are now without the Internet. Yes, it is true there are many other forms of medium, but the Internet reinforces each one. When you miss the beginning of the presidential debate- dont worry- it will be on the Internet. Or if you did not have time today to pick up the NY Times new article on Sarah Palin- just read it online. Internet is a huge convenience to the public and without it I would not be as aware as I am today of the 2008 Presidential Campaign.
The internet has become a volcano for anything and everything all you need to do is click on something and your computer, figuratively, blows up with information. In the case of the 2008 elections you cannot go anywhere on the internet without seeing something about the two candidates on the webpage. This too many people would seem like great Public relations for the candidate, they get their name and their face out there all over the internet which reaches millions of people across the country. On a factual note it does not reach all types of people. In the Handbook of Political Communications Research it is stated that “without a doubt, the Internet is in its most mature form in the United States.”(Kaid, 512). This would be great news to many people especially the individuals running the candidates’ campaigns. However the problem that occurs is there are only certain groups of people that are accessing the internet. “A report from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration cautioned that social indicators such as education, income and age demonstrate a digital divide between information haves and have-nots.”(Kaid, 512). This has been an ongoing issue with this form of media, the reason I believe it hasn’t become such a mainstream form of media for all ages and economic backgrounds. The use of the internet causes confusion for older age people and not having access to a computer for others is also an issue. This problem leads me to the idea of the Public Sphere. “The public sphere is comprised of any and all locations physical or virtual where ideas and feelings relevant to politics are transmitted or exchanged openly.” (Kaid, 514). When it comes down to it I believe YouTube is not the only way people should be getting their information. YouTube perfectly fits the public sphere idea as does the internet. However with the digital divide that does occur in this day and age due to innovations in technology, I believe in this political process, the 2008 elections should not as heavily rely on YouTube or the internet in general to get ahead in the polls.
I feel that YouTube’s “You Choose 08” is a great tool for both politicians, who can use the site to reach many people worldwide, and the public who are able to hear unfiltered messages directly from the candidates instead of relying on cable news stations. I however don’t feel that YouTube is the ideal public sphere, simply because not enough people have internet access to hear these messages. I feel though that as the internet continues to grow, the candidates and their campaigns will shift their focus from television to the internet, as the internet will one day be the number one medium for accessing information. It makes sense that the candidates want to focus more on the internet to get their messages heard than going through the television media. In The Handbook for Political Communication Research, John Tedesco writes that, “politicians are hostage to established media formats; getting their message to the public necessitates packaging the message according to the established news structure.” (509) It is very logical then that they would want to move away from television towards the internet, where they can control exactly what information and message they release, and how they release it, and I think that using YouTube is the first step of the candidates to doing this. This campaign, especially Obama’s, has used the internet to attract potential voters more than any campaign in history. I feel that this is the beginning of campaigns using the internet as an essential tool to attract voters to their candidates. It will not be an ideal public sphere, however, until more people have the access required to hear the candidate’s messages.
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Both women and men could feel the demands of maintaining their wardrobe up-to-date and in time, yet men's style frequently seems a lot less difficult. Of program, for both sexes, garments and fashion options could be quite as delicate, and there are lots of'cool'things that can quickly become fashion faux pas - who can say they frequently see people travelling in 70s flares? On the other hand, men's style has a few choice things that will exist forever - which man is planning to keep an eye out of position with a good-quality, tailored suit, for example? Choose basic cuts, colours and materials and you'll never look out-of-place.
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